Семенное размножение пеларгонии очень выгодно: несмотря на сравнительную дороговизну семян, они имеют высокую всхожесть и позволяют получить большое количество сеянцев; из семян вырастают компактные, красивые кустики с обилием больших шапок цветков.
Семена у пеларгонии крупные, покрытые плотной кожистой оболочкой. От высева семян до начала цветения проходит 5-6 месяцев. Высевать семена пеларгонии можно в течении всего года при наличии досвечивания осенью и зимой. Обычно цветоводы-любители весевают пеларгонию с ноября по апрель. Я предпочитаю сеять пеларгонию в феврале-марте (к моменту всходов и началу роста сеянцев увеличивается продолжительность светового дня).
Почва для посева пеларгонии должна быть рыхлой, влаго- и воздухопроницаемой. Для составления субстрата можно использовать верховой торф, перлит, листовую и перегнойную землю, песок. Для посева семян пеларгонии специалисты рекомендуют следующий состав субстрата: дерновая земля, песок и торф в пропорции 2:1:1. Перед посевом желательно обеззаразить субстрат (можно пролить его розовым раствором марганцовки, раствором биофунгицида "Фитоспорин-М"), т.к. сеянцы пеларгонии подвержены заболеванию "черной ножкой".
Для ускорения всходов собранных семян пеларгонии опытные цветоводы проводят их скарификацию(перетирают мелкозернистой наждачной бумагой для удаления покровной чешуи и легкого нарушения покровной оболочки). Подготовленные к посадке семена всходят через 7-10 дней, а без предпосевной обработки их прорастание не дружное и может растянуться до 3 месяцев. В продажу поступают семена, уже очищенные от покровной чешуи, они всходят через 2-3 недели. Гибриды пеларгонии F1, выращенные из семян, в дальнейшем можно размножать только вегетативно, т.к. полученные от них семена будут давать расщепление в последующих поколениях (выращенные из них растения не будут похожи на материнские).
Семена, образовавшиеся на сортовых пеларгониях при благоприятных условиях роста в результате искусственного опыления, опыления насекомыми или самоопыления, можно использовать для посева. Их собирают с растений летом или в начале осени, после побурения семенных коробочек. Семена пеларгонии сеют в ящики и плошки наполненные влажным субстратом, присыпают тонким слоем субстрата или песка толщиной 2-5мм, опрыскивают сверху после посева и прикрывают плошку стеклом. Ежедневно требуется проветривать всходы поднимая стекло и протирая его от конденсата.
Для прорастания семян пеларгонии требуется поддерживать температуру 18-22С° и регулярно увлажнять подсыхающий субстрат. Плошку с появившимися всходами ставят на светлое место; при достаточном освещении рассада вырастает крепкой и коренастой, быстро развивается. После появления всходов важно поддерживать умеренную влажность почвы и не допускать ее пересыхания, защищать сеянцы от прямых солнечных лучей, осторожно рыхлить почву и проветривать сеянцы. Через 1-1,5 месяца, когда у растений образуется 2-3 настоящих листочка, проводится пикировка сеянцев пеларгонии в горшочки, при этом важно сажать растения на ту же глубину на которой они росли раньше. Оптимальная температура роста 16-20С°.
Для лучшего кущения сеянцы пеларгонии прищипывают над 5-6 листом. Обилие света и свежего воздуха способствует хорошему росту и постоянному цветению пеларгоний.
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